Ratnapura, The City of Gems

Ratnapura: Essential Information

Known as the “City of Gems”, Ratnapura is Sri Lanka’s chief hub for precious and semi-precious stones, nestled in the lush southwestern part of the island. This historic town is famed for its gem mines, breathtaking landscapes, and cultural significance. From its bustling gem markets to its proximity to Adam’s Peak and the Sinharaja Rainforest, Ratnapura offers a rich blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage.

• Location: 101 km southeast of Colombo, on the Kalu River
• Elevation: 130 meters (430 ft)
• Province: Sabaragamuwa
• Area: 20 km² (8 sq mi)
• Population: 165,998 (2022)
• Famous for: Gem mining, including rubies, sapphires, cat’s eyes, and star sapphires
• Historic Sites: Portuguese Fort Ruins, Gem Museum

For more information please get in touch with the official tourism board at:

Why Visit Ratnapura, Sri Lanka?

Ratnapura, known as the “City of Gems,” is famous for its gem industry. If you are into unique souvenirs or jewelry, this is where the stones are mined and cut. Visiting the gem market or a mine shows the journey from raw stone to polished gem. I did not buy any gems on the press trip, so I cannot compare prices; compare them yourself and have any stone checked.

Beyond the gems, Ratnapura is in a really convenient spot for exploring. It’s around 100 km from Colombo, making it an easy escape from the city, and it is a common gateway for trips to Adam’s Peak, which people climb for its spiritual significance or for the sunrise. The Sinharaja Rainforest, a UNESCO site full of wildlife, is nearby, and if you’re into waterfalls, Bambarakanda Falls – the tallest in Sri Lanka – isn’t too far either. Udawalawe National Park is also close by if you want to go on safari and see elephants in the wild.

Ratnapura is less polished than the main tourist towns, and many visitors come for the gems or pass through on the way to another stop. I passed through on the way to Sinharaja and again on the way back, and I stayed at Centauria Hill Resort.

When is The Best Time to Visit Ratnapura?

Ratnapura receives rainfall almost throughout the year, so the best time to visit is from January to March, when the average rainfall is at its minimum. During this period, the weather is more predictable, and you can explore the city’s gem mines and nearby waterfalls without worrying about the rain. The Maha Saman Devale perahera, a procession for the god Saman, is held in the Esala and Nikini festival season, roughly mid-July to mid-September, and the dates change every year.

How to Get from Colombo to Ratnapura?

On the press trip, the Sri Lanka Tourism Board arranged a private shuttle for the group. 12Go is a partner of this site and I have not used it. If you’re traveling on your own, here are the transportation options with their estimated travel times:

Private Car/Taxi:

• Time: 2.5 to 3 hours
• Details: A comfortable and quick option. You can also travel by tuktuk for a more adventurous ride, although it might take a little longer and be less comfortable.

Public Bus:

• Time: 3 to 4 hours
• Details: Direct buses from Pettah Bus Terminal to Ratnapura are an affordable choice, but expect possible delays and crowded conditions.

Train:

• Time: Varies, because the train does not reach Ratnapura.
• Details: Ratnapura has no active railway station. Trains from Colombo Fort run only as far as Avissawella on the Kelani Valley line, so a bus or taxi is the practical choice.

Private Tour (Shuttle):

• Time: Varies (typically around 2.5 to 3 hours)
• Details: If you book a guided tour or excursion, transportation is often included, providing a hassle-free journey.

How to Get Around Ratnapura, Sri Lanka?

Getting around Ratnapura is pretty easy. Tuktuks are the most common and convenient way to get around the city, and they can take you to all the key attractions nearby, from gem mines to the gem markets. You’ll find them readily available, and they’re perfect for short trips around the town. If you’re planning to head a bit further out, you can also use a private vehicle or a local bus, which are affordable options. For those interested in exploring Sinharaja Rainforest or visiting a gem mine, negotiating a tuktuk fare for the day is a common way to explore at your own pace. The group had a shuttle, so I did not do this.

Is Ratnapura Safe for Tourists?

I never felt uneasy during my time in Sri Lanka.

In the gem market, vendors eagerly showed their stones to the group, even though the tourism board had told them the group was not buying. Like in any city, it’s smart to take basic precautions – watch your belongings in crowded markets and avoid isolated areas at night.

Stay aware of your surroundings and take the usual common-sense measures. Also, if you plan on going off the beaten path, travel insurance is always a good idea. Heymondo is a partner of this site and I have not used it. Here is their travel insurance; through this link you get 5% off.

Best Things to See in Ratnapura

Ratnapura isn’t just Sri Lanka’s “City of Gems” – it’s a place full of history, nature, and culture. If you’re visiting, you’ll find plenty to explore beyond the famous gem markets and mines. I visited the Maha Saman Dewalaya Temple, a gem mine, the gem market and the fort with the gem authority. The other places on this list are research:

Maha Saman Dewalaya Temple

This ancient temple is dedicated to Saman, the guardian deity of Adam’s Peak and the protector of Ratnapura. It’s an important pilgrimage site with beautiful architecture and a rich spiritual history. It was the first Buddhist temple I visited on the press trip; photos were not allowed at first, but the group was given permission.

Gem Mines

Visiting a gem mine is the main reason many people come to Ratnapura. You can watch miners digging, washing, and sorting gravel in search of precious stones. Some of the world’s most famous gems, like the Blue Giant of the Orient or the Serendipity Sapphire, have been unearthed here. The mine I visited was an open-field operation without protective walls or heavy machinery.

Gem Market

The Gem Market in Ratnapura was busy when I visited with the group. The market is bustling with buyers, sellers, and traders, all dealing in various precious stones. It’s a lively, colorful place where you can see gems being bought and sold on the spot – and if you’re lucky, you might even find something rare at a better price than you would abroad.

Ratnapura Clock Tower

Situated in the heart of the city, the clock tower is an iconic landmark and a gathering point in Ratnapura. The area around the square is lively, with small shops, street vendors, and plenty of local character. It’s a great place to stop by while exploring the city’s sights.

Portuguese-Dutch Fort w/ Gem Museum - National Gem and Jewellery Authority

If you’re keen to learn more about gems, the gem museum at the Portuguese-Dutch Fort is an alternative (to the Gemological Museum that is apparently closed since Covid). Managed by the National Gem and Jewellery Authority, it holds a collection of gems, tools, and artifacts that highlight the significance of Ratnapura’s gem industry. The fort is also a way to see the town’s colonial history.

Gemological Museum (Closed since Covid):

While currently closed, this museum was known for its detailed displays of precious and semi-precious stones, showcasing some of the best examples found in the region. It offered a fascinating look at gemology and the mining process.

Ratnapura National Museum

Located in the colonial-era Ehelepola Walauwa, the National Museum highlights the history, culture, and natural heritage of the Sabaragamuwa Province. Opened in 1988, the museum showcases prehistoric artifacts, traditional jewelry, ancient weapons, and WWI-era guns. Outside, the museum grounds include a palaeobiodiversity park with life-sized animal models from ancient times. This is a great spot for history buffs and anyone curious about the region’s past.

Kajugaswatta Temple

Another important Buddhist temple, Kajugaswatta is less crowded but rich in local history and spiritual significance. It’s known for its peaceful atmosphere and beautiful statues.

Katugas Ella Falls

This is another beautiful waterfall near Ratnapura, ideal for a short visit if you enjoy nature. It’s not as large as some other falls, but it’s picturesque and easy to reach.

Kalthota Doowili Ella Falls

A bit off the beaten path, these waterfalls are stunning, especially during the rainy season. The falls are surrounded by lush greenery, making it a great place for a quiet nature break.

Best Things To Do near Ratnapura

Sri Lanka is a relatively small island, which means you’re never too far from amazing attractions, no matter where you’re based. While Ratnapura, known as the “City of Gems,” offers plenty to explore with its gemstone mines and scenic hill views, you can easily venture to nearby destinations for a diverse mix of natural beauty and cultural landmarks.

For a refreshing escape, head to Ella, a charming hill town known for its breathtaking waterfalls, including the famous Ravana Falls, and its impressive Nine Arches Bridge. If you’re a fan of hiking and nature, the Sinharaja Forest Reserve is a UNESCO-listed rainforest that’s home to diverse wildlife and lush greenery.

Looking for more adventure? Yala National Park is perfect for a safari to see elephants, leopards, and other wildlife in their natural habitat. To the south, Galle and Galle Fort offer a blend of colonial architecture, stunning coastal views, and historical charm that shouldn’t be missed.

If you’re craving some city life, Colombo is just a trip away, providing a vibrant mix of modern attractions, markets, restaurants, and historical sites that showcase Sri Lanka’s urban spirit.

To the north, Sigiriya awaits with its iconic rock fortress, ancient ruins, and panoramic views that reflect Sri Lanka’s rich past. Whether you head east, west, or south from Ratnapura, the island’s compact size makes it easy to uncover incredible attractions, making Ratnapura the perfect base for exploring diverse landscapes and cultural gems.

Where to Eat and Drink in Ratnapura?

Ratnapura isn’t as touristy as places like Ella or Galle, so it might not be the easiest destination to find a wide variety of exceptional dining spots. However, the city has restaurants, mostly inside hotels. Only Centauria Hill Resort, where I stayed, is from my own experience; the others come from listings and research:

1. LILY Restaurant Ratnapura Listed as one of the best-rated restaurants in the city, LILY Restaurant is known for fresh Sri Lankan food.

2. Corundum Family Restaurant Corundum Family Restaurant is listed for homestyle Sri Lankan meals.

3. Centauria Hill Resort (Where I stayed) I stayed at Centauria Hill Resort on the press trip. Dinner there was delicious, with a variety of dishes, and was accompanied by a Sabaragamuwa Dance performance.

4. Silver Ray Restaurant Located in Lellopitiya, Silver Ray Restaurant (at the Silver Ray Hotel) offers a mix of Asian, Sri Lankan, and Thai dishes. The chefs put effort into preparing each meal with care, and the restaurant has a laid-back vibe perfect for a casual lunch or dinner.

5. Volunteer Ceylon This restaurant, part of a hotel, serves a range of Asian and Sri Lankan dishes. It’s known for its continental breakfasts and traditional rice and curry. Guests can enjoy the garden surroundings while dining, making it a peaceful place to relax.

6. Roba Restaurant Roba Restaurant is listed for classic Sri Lankan dishes.

If you’re visiting Ratnapura, these are some of the best spots to enjoy local and international cuisine.

Where to Stay in Ratnapura?

If you’re visiting Ratnapura, here’s a list of the best hotels in Ratnapura I could find after some research. While they might not be 5-star properties, these are the most renovated and well-rated options in the area:

1. Terrace Cinnamon View A 3-star hotel with an outdoor pool, mountain views, and a restaurant. Guests can enjoy a range of breakfast options and modern amenities, making it a great choice for a peaceful stay.
2. Grand Silver Ray Hotel This hotel features air-conditioned rooms, a shared lounge, and a Chinese restaurant. It’s a solid option with free WiFi and private parking, making it convenient for travelers.
3. Centauria Hill Resort Listed with an outdoor pool and rooms with mountain views, Centauria Hill Resort is where I stayed during the press trip.
4. Kuru Ganga Villa A guest house with an infinity pool, sun terrace, and lake views in some rooms. It’s perfect for those seeking a more tranquil, nature-filled experience.
5. Volunteer Ceylon A homestay that provides a cozy atmosphere with a garden, shared lounge, and bicycle rentals for exploring the area. It’s ideal for those looking for a homely and affordable option.

For more accommodation options across Sri Lanka, check out my articles on The 20 Best Hotels in Sri Lanka, The 10 Best Luxury Hotels in Sri Lanka, and The 10 Best Hostels in Sri Lanka.

What’s the Difference Between a Gem and a Precious Stone

When it comes to gems and precious stones, the terms can be a bit confusing. Simply put, all precious stones are gems, but not all gems are considered precious. The main difference lies in the rarity and historical significance of the stone. Precious stones are typically the rarest and most valued, like diamonds, emeralds, rubies, and sapphires, while other gems, though still beautiful and valuable, may not fall under the “precious” category. Here’s a quick overview of what defines these stones:

• Gemstone: This term is an umbrella for any material used to make jewelry or decorative items. While most gemstones are minerals, some like amber, pearls, or even glass can also be classified as gemstones.
• Precious vs. Semi-Precious: Historically, gemstones were divided into “precious” (like diamonds, emeralds, rubies, and sapphires) and “semi-precious” categories. However, this classification no longer holds much value. Today, gemologists categorize gems based on their variety, rarity, and quality rather than labeling them as precious or semi-precious.
• Durability and Hardness: When selecting gemstones for jewelry, it’s crucial to consider durability and hardness. Some gems require treatments like heating to make them suitable for daily wear. For example, amethysts are sometimes heat-treated to become citrines, giving them a new look.
• Investment-Grade Gemstones: Some gemstones, particularly rare ones, are considered investment-grade due to their rarity and high quality. These pieces are often referred to as high jewelry and can be worn, though many are kept in a safe.
• Value: The value of gemstones is determined by various factors, such as clarity, color, and rarity. Even stones traditionally labeled semi-precious can be very valuable, depending on their characteristics.

Where to buy Gems in Ratnapura?

If you’re looking to buy gems in Ratnapura, there are several options depending on the type of shopping experience you’re after. For a more reliable purchase, consider visiting any big jewelry store with high ratings on Google Maps. While these stores typically offer more trustworthy gems, they are also usually more expensive.

If you’re exploring the street markets, make sure to stop by the National Gem and Jewellery Authority (NGJA) building, located inside the fort near the market. It’s a good idea to double-check your purchase with the authorities to ensure authenticity.

Bring the vendor to the building with you so they can prove he’s selling you an authentic gem.

Are Ratnapura Gems Authentic?

When it comes to the authenticity of gems in Ratnapura, authenticity varies from shop to shop, so it is wise to have a stone checked by the authorities before you buy. The National Gem and Jewellery Authority (NGJA) is the place to do it.

Gem treatments are common, so have a stone authenticated before you pay, especially if you are not familiar with gem grading. I did not buy any gems, so I cannot vouch for any shop.

How Much does a Sapphire Cost in Ratnapura?

Sri Lanka is renowned for its sapphires, especially the prized cornflower blue and royal blue varieties, which are the most valuable. Other well-known precious stones include Padparadscha sapphires, with their rare orange-pink hues, as well as pink, yellow, and purple sapphires.

Sapphire Price Range:

• Cornflower Blue & Royal Blue: $1,000 to $2,000 per carat (higher for larger or high-quality stones).
• Padparadscha Sapphires: $5,000 to $30,000 per carat.
• Intense Pink Sapphires: $1,500 to $5,000 per carat.
• Yellow and Brighter Pink: $100 to $500 per carat.
• White & Purple: $50 to $200 per carat.

The value of sapphires is influenced by factors such as color, size, clarity, and treatments. While most sapphires are heat-treated to improve their appearance, untreated sapphires are rarer and much more valuable. The price can vary widely based on these characteristics, but Sri Lanka’s sapphires remain among the most sought-after in the world.

These figures are approximate market ranges from my research, not prices I was quoted. You can check the details in these guides:

Sapphire value guide, Gemstone pricing guide, Guide to shopping for gems in Ratnapura.

What Gems Can be Found in Sri Lanka?

Sri Lanka, often referred to as the “Island of Gems,” is home to a variety of precious and semi-precious stones. The most common gems found in Sri Lanka include:

1. Sapphires (especially blue, but also pink, yellow, and green sapphires)
2. Rubies (known for their vivid red color, often referred to as “Raven’s blood rubies”)
3. Spinels (found in a variety of colors, from red to blue)
4. Garnets (often found in deep red shades, but also in other colors like green and orange)
5. Tourmaline (found in multiple colors, including green, pink, and blue)
6. Amethyst (a popular purple gemstone)
7. Topaz (often found in yellow and blue varieties)
8. Moonstones (famous for their shimmering effect, called adularescence)
9. Zircons (commonly found in blue, but can also appear in colorless, green, and red)
10. Alexandrite (a rare gemstone known for changing color under different light conditions)
11. Cat’s Eyes (a variety of Chrysoberyl with a distinctive “cat’s eye” effect)

Most Wanted Gems:

• Sapphires: The blue sapphire, especially the cornflower blue, is the most desired due to its deep color and high value. Sri Lanka is globally recognized for its production of these gems.
• Rubies: The deep red sapphires (rubies) from Sri Lanka are also highly sought after.
• Padparadscha Sapphires: These rare, orange-pink sapphires, considered one of the most expensive, are highly coveted in the market.

What Famous Large Gems Were Found in Sri Lanka?

Sri Lanka has produced some of the most remarkable and largest sapphires in the world, with many of them being discovered in the gem-rich town of Ratnapura. Here are some of the most famous and extraordinary sapphire finds from the island:

• The 466-carat “Blue Giant of the Orient” Sapphire: Discovered in Ratnapura, this sapphire is one of the largest and most famous sapphires ever found. Known for its rich blue hue, it was cut down from its original size to the remarkable 466-carat gem (the photo below says it weighs 487 carats).
• The 199-carat “Queen of Asia” Sapphire: Found in Ratnapura, this extraordinary sapphire is known for its striking blue color and immense size, making it one of the most sought-after gemstones.
• The 95-carat “Star Sapphire”: This gemstone, discovered in Sri Lanka, is renowned for its star-like pattern created by rutile inclusions, which enhance its value and beauty.
• The “Serendipity Sapphire”: Discovered in 2002, this 100-carat sapphire is known for its exceptional color and was sold at auction for a significant price. The name “Serendipity” refers to the fortunate and unexpected nature of its discovery in Sri Lanka, historically known as Serendip.

Best Tours in Ratnapura

These are listings from partner sites, not tours I took. For gems, there is a Gem Tours in Ratnapura option on the booking platform. Nearby, there is also a Safari in Udawalawe National Park(Udawalawe is known for its elephants)

My Experience in Ratnapura

Ratnapura was our third destination on this trip. We passed by on our way to Sinharaja Rainforest and made a stop at the Maha Saman Dewalaya Temple. It was the first Buddhist temple we visited, and its magnificence was impressive. Initially, photos weren’t allowed, but since we were with the tourism board, we received permission. The temple is deeply revered, with multiple smaller temples surrounding the main one, adorned with ancient paintings and various Buddhist statues.

On the way to the temple, we spotted an elephant, unfortunately chained, but still a magnificent sight. After taking in the intricate details of the temple, we continued to the rainforest. On our way back, we stopped at a traditional market bustling with vendors selling various products. We also visited TeaJar, a fancy tea and jewelry shop. Later, we returned to our hotel, Centauria Hill Resort, where we were greeted by performers showcasing the Sabaragamuwa Dance. The performance, complete with full costumes and drumming, was mesmerizing and accompanied our delicious dinner filled with a variety of dishes.

Gem Mining in Sri Lanka

The next day, we explored an active gem mine. The mining process we witnessed was an open-field operation, without protective walls or heavy machinery, but they did use water-filtering machines. Gem mining in Sri Lanka is typically small-scale and artisanal.

Miners remove surface gem gravel, known as “goda illama,” using basic tools. When gravel is deeper, they engage in open-cast mining by removing layers of soil to expose gem-bearing materials. Shaft mining is another common method, involving vertical tunnels reinforced with wooden supports, though we didn’t witness this firsthand (as it had been raining).

In theory, the mines in Sri Lanka are well-regulated and constructed in such a way that they leave no lasting scars on the countryside. The restoration of mining plots is monitored by the National Gem and Jewellery Authority (NGJA). The miners themselves are typically very respectful of the environment, and their techniques reflect that. By conducting mining with these small-scale methods, the industry in Sri Lanka sustains employment for tens of thousands of people in a responsible and controlled way.

How to Find a Gemstone

After extraction, the illama is washed in the river. We then went next to some pale, milky pool and watched as a worker skillfully panned and sifted through the gravel, searching for gems. This part of the process was captivating, and I managed to capture some great photos of the workers at their craft.

One miner carefully placed handfuls of illama into a round, shallow wicker basket, then submerged it in the river. With a practiced motion, the basket was spun and shaken to let the lighter debris wash away, leaving behind the heavier stones.

Once the contents of the basket had been thoroughly sifted, what remained – known as nambuva – was closely examined. The miner angled the basket to let the sunlight reveal any glimmers, hoping to spot a gem nestled among the stones.

After the mine visit, we examined some of the gems found there, some of which are used to decorate pagodas.

The Gem Market and Portuguese Fort

We then headed to the center of Ratnapura to explore the gem market. The market was bustling, with vendors eagerly showing their stones to our group. Despite the tourism board informing them we weren’t buying, the vendors proudly displayed their finds. It was a fascinating experience, and we could have spent the entire day there.

Before leaving Ratnapura, we visited the NGJA, housed in an ancient Portuguese fort later converted by the Dutch. The fort is now home to a gem museum and the local police. The combination of history and gem culture made Ratnapura an unforgettable stop. From there, we continued our journey to Ravana Falls, the caves, and Ella.

Ratnapura truly lives up to its name as the “City of Gems.” It’s a must-visit for anyone interested in the rich traditions and culture behind Sri Lanka’s gem industry.

Photo Gallery

Maha Saman Dewalaya Temple & Tradicional Dances